Reference Type Quality in Textbooks Peer Review Journals
What Types of References Are Appropriate?
When writing a enquiry paper, there are many dissimilar types of sources that you might consider citing. Which are appropriate? Which are less appropriate? Here we discuss the different types of sources that you may wish to utilize when working on a enquiry paper.
Please annotation that the following represents a general prepare of recommended guidelines that is not specific to any course and does not represent section policy. The types of allowable sources may vary by form and teacher.
Highly appropriate: peer-reviewed journal manufactures
In full general, you should primarily cite peer-reviewed journal manufactures in your research papers. Peer-reviewed journal manufactures are research papers that take been accepted for publication after having undergone a rigorous editorial review procedure. During that review process, the article was carefully evaluated by at least ane journal editor and a group of reviewers (unremarkably scientists that are experts in the field or topic under investigation). Often the commodity underwent revisions earlier it was judged to be satisfactory for publication.
Virtually articles submitted to loftier quality journals are not accepted for publication. Every bit such, research that is successfully published in a respected peer-reviewed journal is by and large regarded as higher quality than enquiry that is not published or is published elsewhere, such equally in a book, mag, or on a website. All the same, merely because a study was published in a peer-reviewed journal does non mean that it is complimentary from error or that its conclusions are right. Appropriately, it is important to critically read and carefully evaluate all sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles.
Tips for finding and using peer-reviewed journal articles:
- Many databases, such equally PsycINFO, tin be set to only search for peer-reviewed journal articles. Other search engines, such as Google Scholar, typically include both peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed articles in search results, and thus should be used with greater circumspection.
- Even though a peer-reviewed journal article is, by definition, a source that has been carefully vetted through an editorial process, it should still be critically evaluated by the reader.
Potentially advisable: books, encyclopedias, and other scholarly works
Some other potential source that you might use when writing a enquiry paper is a volume, encyclopedia, or an official online source (such as demographic data drawn from a government website). When relying on such sources, it is important to carefully consider its accurateness and trustworthiness. For example, books vary in quality; most accept not undergone any class of review procedure other than bones copyediting. In many cases, a volume's content is little more than the writer's informed or uninformed opinion.
Withal, there are books that have been edited prior to publication, as is the example with many reputable encyclopedias; also, many books from bookish publishers are comprised of multiple chapters, each written by one or more researchers, with the entire volume advisedly reviewed by one or more editors. In those cases, the book has undergone a grade of peer review, albeit oftentimes not equally rigorous equally that for a peer-reviewed periodical article.
Tips for using books, encyclopedias, and other scholarly works:
- When using books, encyclopedias, and other scholarly works (that is, works written or produced by researchers, official agencies, or corporations), information technology is important to very carefully evaluate the quality of that source.
- If the source is an edited volume (in which case in the editor(due south) will be listed on the cover), is published past a reputable source (such every bit Bookish Press, MIT Press, and others), or is written by a major expert in the field (such equally a researcher with a track record of peer-reviewed journal articles on the bailiwick), then it is more likely to be trustworthy.
- For online encyclopedias such equally Wikipedia, an teacher may or may not consider that an acceptable source (by default, don't assume that a non-peer reviewed source will be considered acceptable). It is best to enquire the instructor for clarification.i
Normally inappropriate: magazines, blogs, and websites
Nearly research papers tin can be written using only peer-reviewed journal articles as sources. However, for many topics it is possible to find a plethora of sources that have not been peer-reviewed but likewise discuss the topic. These may include manufactures in popular magazines or postings in blogs, forums, and other websites. In full general, although these sources may be well-written and easy to understand, their scientific value is often not as high every bit that of peer-reviewed articles. Exceptions include some mag and newspaper articles that might be cited in a enquiry paper to make a point about public awareness of a given topic, to illustrate beliefs and attitudes about a given topic among journalists, or to refer to a news event that is relevant to a given topic.
Tips for using magazines, blogs, and websites:
- Avoid such references if possible. You should primarily focus on peer-reviewed journal articles every bit sources for your research paper. High quality enquiry papers typically practise not rely on not-academic and not peer-reviewed sources.
- Refer to non-bookish, not peer-reviewed sources sparingly, and if you practise, be sure to carefully evaluate the accuracy and scientific merit of the source.
Downloadable Resource
- How to Write APA Mode Research Papers (a comprehensive guide) [PDF]
- Tips for Writing APA Style Enquiry Papers (a brief summary) [PDF]
Further Resources
How-To Videos
- Writing Research Newspaper Videos
Databases and Search Engines (may require connection to UCSD network)
- PsycINFO
- EBSCO
- Google Scholar
- PubMed (NIH/NLM)
- Spider web of Science
UCSD Resource on Finding and Evaluating Sources
- UCSD Library Databases A-Z
- UCSD Library Psychology Research Guide: Start Page
- UCSD Library Psychology Research Guide: Finding Articles
- UCSD Library Psychology Inquiry Guide: Evaluating Sources
External Resources
- Critically Reading Journal Manufactures from PSU/Colby Higher
- How to Seriously Read a Journal Article from Science Magazine
- How to Read Journal Manufactures from Harvard University
- How to Read a Scientific Paper Infographic from Elsevier Publishing
- Tips for searching PsycINFO from UC Berkeley Library
- Tips for using PsycINFO finer from the APA Pupil Science Quango
Notes
1 Wikipedia articles vary in quality; the site has a peer review system and the very best manufactures (Featured Articles), which become through a multi-stage review process, rival those in traditional encyclopedias and are considered the highest quality articles on the site.
Prepared by S. C. Pan for UCSD Psychology
Graphic adapted from t-x-generic-utilise.svg , a public domain creation by the Tango Desktop Project.
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Source: https://psychology.ucsd.edu/undergraduate-program/undergraduate-resources/academic-writing-resources/writing-research-papers/appropriate-references.html
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